China is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual and multi-script country with 56 ethnic groups, more than 80 languages and about 30 scripts. The "Law of the People's Republic of China on the National Standard Spoken and Written Language" promulgated on October 31, 2000 determined that Mandarin is the national common language. Mandarin is not only the standard language of the Han nationality, but also the common language of the Chinese nation. The Constitution of the People's Republic of China stipulates: The state promotes Mandarin, which is commonly used throughout the country.

In order to implement the Ministry of Education's "Opinions on Strengthening Language and Writing Work in the New Era", vigorously promote and standardize the use of the national common spoken and written language, promote traditional Chinese culture, and continuously improve the application and basic communication abilities of the national common spoken and written language among teachers, students, and cadres and staff of the school. , we will now sort out the laws and regulations related to language and writing in our country, and further guide teachers and students, especially professional teachers, to understand, be familiar with, and master the national language and writing laws and regulations, guidelines, policies, and standards.

1. my country’s language work policy

Implement and implement national policies and decrees on language and written work, promote the standardization and standardization of language and writing, and continue to promote writing reform so that language and writing can play a better role in the socialist modernization drive.

2. my country’s language policy

(1) Basic policies

The spoken and written languages of all ethnic groups coexist equally, and any form of linguistic discrimination is prohibited; all ethnic groups have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages; the state encourages all ethnic groups to learn each other's spoken and written languages; the state promotes Mandarin, which is commonly used throughout the country, and standardizes Chinese characters; the state Vigorously promote and standardize the use of the national common spoken and written language, scientifically protect the spoken and written languages of all ethnic groups, and strive to build a harmonious language life.

(2) General policies

The state protects the language rights of citizens and provides conditions for citizens to learn and use spoken and written languages; the state protects the use and development of minority languages; it attaches great importance to and protects disadvantaged languages and the languages of disadvantaged groups; it strengthens the standardization and standardization of spoken and written languages; the state does not promote Mandarin to eliminate it Dialects will exist for a long time in certain fields and specific regions; the country attaches great importance to improving the national language quality; the country attaches great importance to the protection of language resources.

3. Laws and regulations related to national language and writing work

(1) Legal excerpts

1. "Constitution of the People's Republic of China"

Article 4, Paragraph 4: All ethnic groups have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages, and have the freedom to maintain or reform their own customs and habits.

Article 19, Paragraph 5: The state promotes Mandarin, which is commonly used throughout the country.

Article 121: When performing their duties, the organs of self-government of ethnic autonomous areas shall use one or more spoken and written languages commonly used in the local area in accordance with the provisions of the self-government regulations of the ethnic autonomous areas.

Article 134 Citizens of all ethnic groups have the right to use their own spoken and written languages to litigate proceedings. The People's Court and the People's Procuratorate shall provide translation for litigation participants who are not proficient in the local spoken and written language.

In areas where ethnic minorities live in concentrated communities or where multiple ethnic groups live together, trials shall be conducted in the language commonly used in the local area; indictments, judgments, notices and other documents shall be in one or more languages commonly used in the local area according to actual needs.

2. "Law of the People's Republic of China on Regional Ethnic Autonomy"

Article 10 The organs of self-government of ethnic autonomous areas shall ensure that all ethnic groups in the area have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages, and the freedom to maintain or reform their own customs and habits.

Article 21 When the organs of self-government of ethnic autonomous areas perform their duties, they shall use one or several spoken and written languages commonly used in the locality in accordance with the provisions of the regulations on self-government of the ethnic autonomous areas; , which can be based on the spoken and written language of the ethnic group that exercises regional autonomy.

Article 36: The organs of self-government of ethnic autonomous areas shall, in accordance with the national education policy and legal provisions, decide on the local education plan, the establishment, academic system, school running form, teaching content, teaching terms and enrollment methods of schools at all levels and types.

Article 37, Paragraph 3: Schools (classes) and other educational institutions that mainly enroll minority students shall, if conditions permit, use textbooks in minority languages and teach in minority languages; Chinese language courses were launched to promote Mandarin and standardized Chinese characters that are commonly used across the country.

Article 47: People's courts and people's procuratorates in ethnic autonomous areas shall hear and procure cases in the language commonly used in the area, and reasonably staff personnel who are proficient in the spoken and written ethnic minority languages commonly used in the area. Translators should be provided for litigation participants who are not proficient in the local spoken and written language. Legal documents should use one or more languages commonly used in the local area according to actual needs. Guarantee that citizens of all ethnic groups have the right to use their own spoken and written languages to litigate.

Article 49: The organs of self-government in ethnic autonomous areas educate and encourage cadres of all ethnic groups to learn each other’s spoken and written languages. Han cadres must learn the spoken and written languages of local ethnic minorities. While cadres of ethnic minority groups learn and use their own spoken and written languages, they must also learn Mandarin and standardized Chinese characters that are commonly used throughout the country.

State staff in ethnic autonomous areas who are proficient in two or more local spoken and written languages shall be rewarded.

Article 53: The organs of self-government of ethnic autonomous areas promote the public morality of love for the motherland, love for the people, love for labor, love for science, and love for socialism, and educate citizens of all ethnic groups in the area on patriotism, communism, and national policies. Educate cadres and people of all ethnic groups to trust each other, learn from each other, help each other, respect each other's language, customs and religious beliefs, and jointly safeguard the unity of the country and the unity of all ethnic groups.

3. "Law of the People's Republic of China on the National Standard Spoken and Written Language"

Chapter 1 General Provisions

Article 1 In order to promote the normalization, standardization and healthy development of the national common spoken and written language, enable the national common spoken and written language to play a better role in social life, and promote economic and cultural exchanges among all ethnic groups and regions, this law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution.

Article 2 The national common spoken and written language referred to in this Law is Putonghua and standardized Chinese characters.

Article 3 The state promotes Mandarin and standardizes Chinese characters.

Article 4 Citizens have the right to learn and use the country’s common spoken and written language.

The state provides conditions for citizens to learn and use the national common spoken and written language.

Local people's governments at all levels and their relevant departments should take measures to promote Mandarin and standardize Chinese characters.

Article 5 The use of the national common spoken and written language shall be conducive to safeguarding national sovereignty and national dignity, conducive to national unity and national unity, and conducive to the construction of socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization.

Article 6 The state promulgates norms and standards for the national common spoken and written language, manages the social application of the national common spoken and written language, supports the teaching and scientific research of the national common spoken and written language, and promotes the standardization, enrichment and development of the national common spoken and written language.

Article 7 The state rewards organizations and individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the cause of the country’s universal spoken and written language.

Article 8: All ethnic groups have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages.

The use of ethnic minority languages is in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Constitution, the Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law and other laws.

Chapter 2 Use of the national common spoken and written language

Article 9: State agencies shall use Putonghua and standardized Chinese characters as the official language. Except as otherwise provided by law.

Article 10 Schools and other educational institutions shall use Mandarin and standardized Chinese characters as the basic language used in education and teaching. Except as otherwise provided by law.

Schools and other educational institutions teach Mandarin and standardized Chinese characters through Chinese language courses. The Chinese teaching materials used should comply with the norms and standards of the national common spoken and written language.

Article 11 Chinese publications shall comply with the norms and standards of the national common spoken and written language.

If foreign languages and characters need to be used in Chinese publications, necessary annotations should be made in the national common language and characters.

Article 12 Radio stations and television stations use Mandarin as the basic language for broadcasting.

If it is necessary to use a foreign language as the language of broadcasting, it must be approved by the Radio and Television Department of the State Council.

Article 13 The public service industry shall standardize Chinese characters as the basic service characters. Due to public service needs, if signboards, advertisements, notices, signs, etc. use foreign characters and Chinese characters at the same time, standardized Chinese characters should be used.

Promote the use of Mandarin as the language of service in the public service industry.

Article 14 In the following situations, the national common spoken and written language shall be the basic language used:

(1) Phrases used in radio, movies, and television;

(2) Wording for facilities in public places;

(3) Words used on signboards and advertisements;

(4) Name of enterprise or institution;

(5) Packaging and description of goods sold within the country.

Article 15 The national common spoken and written language used in information processing and information technology products shall comply with national norms and standards.

Article 16 In the relevant provisions of this chapter, dialects may be used under the following circumstances:

(1) Staff of state agencies really need to use it when performing official duties;

(2) Broadcasting terms approved by the Radio and Television Department of the State Council or the provincial radio and television department;

(3) Needed to be used in opera, film and television and other art forms;

(4) It is really necessary to use it in publishing, teaching and research.

Article 17 In the relevant provisions of this chapter, traditional Chinese characters and variant characters may be retained or used under the following circumstances:

(1) Cultural relics and historic sites;

(2) Variants in the surname;

(3) Calligraphy, seal cutting and other artistic works;

(4) Hand-written inscriptions and signboards;

(5) Needed for use in publishing, teaching, and research;

(6) Special circumstances approved by relevant departments of the State Council.

Article 18 The national common spoken and written language uses the "Chinese Pinyin Scheme" as a spelling and phonetic notation tool.

The "Hanyu Pinyin Scheme" is a unified standard for the Roman alphabet spelling of Chinese names, place names and Chinese documents, and is used in areas where Chinese characters are inconvenient or cannot be used.

Chinese Pinyin should be taught in primary education.

Article 19: For any position where Mandarin is used as the working language, its staff should have the ability to speak Mandarin.

The Mandarin proficiency of announcers, program hosts, film and television drama actors, teachers, and state agency staff who use Mandarin as their working language must meet the national grade standards respectively; those who have not yet reached the national Mandarin grade standards shall be assessed on a case-by-case basis. training.

Article 20 Teaching Chinese as a foreign language should teach Mandarin and standardized Chinese characters.

Chapter 3 Management and Supervision

Article 21 The national common spoken and written language work shall be planned, guided, managed and supervised by the language and written work department of the State Council.

The relevant departments of the State Council manage the use of the national common spoken and written language in this system.

Article 22: Local language departments and other relevant departments shall manage and supervise the use of the national common spoken and written language within their respective administrative regions.

Article 23 The industrial and commercial administrative departments of the people's governments at or above the county level shall manage and supervise the names of enterprises, product names and the terms and words used in advertisements in accordance with the law.

Article 24 The language and writing department of the State Council promulgates the grading standards for Putonghua proficiency tests.

Article 25 The translation of foreign names, place names and other proper nouns and scientific and technical terms into the national common spoken and written language shall be reviewed and approved by the language and writing department of the State Council or other relevant departments.

Article 26 If the relevant provisions of Chapter 2 of this Law are violated and the spoken and written language is not used in accordance with the norms and standards of the national common spoken and written language, citizens may make criticisms and suggestions.

If the personnel terms specified in Paragraph 2 of Article 19 of this Law violate the relevant provisions of Chapter 2 of this Law, the relevant units shall criticize and educate the directly responsible personnel; if they refuse to make corrections, the relevant units shall take action.

If the facilities, signboards, or words used in advertisements in urban public places violate the relevant provisions of Chapter 2 of this Law, the relevant administrative departments shall order them to make corrections; if they refuse to make corrections, they shall be given a warning and urged to make corrections within a time limit.

Article 27 Anyone who violates the provisions of this Law and interferes with others' learning and use of the country's common spoken and written language shall be ordered by the relevant administrative departments to make corrections within a time limit and given a warning.

Chapter 4 Supplementary Provisions

Article 28 This Law shall come into effect on January 1, 2001.

4. "Education Law of the People's Republic of China"

Article 12 Schools and other educational institutions should promote the use of Mandarin and standard Chinese characters commonly used throughout the country in teaching.

5. "Compulsory Education Law of the People's Republic of China"

Article 6 Schools should promote the use of Mandarin, which is commonly used throughout the country. Schools that mainly recruit students from ethnic minorities can teach in the languages commonly used by ethnic minorities.

6. "Ordinance on Elimination of Illiteracy"

Article 6: The teaching of illiteracy eradication shall use Mandarin, which is commonly used throughout the country.

7. "Kindergarten Management Regulations"

Article 15 Kindergartens should use Mandarin, which is commonly used throughout the country.

8. "Regulations on Administrative Work of Nationality Townships"

Article 14 Primary and secondary schools in ethnic townships can use the spoken and written languages commonly used by local ethnic minorities for teaching, and at the same time promote Mandarin, which is commonly used throughout the country.

(2) Excerpts from documents

1.1999 "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Deepening Educational Reform and Comprehensively Promoting Quality Education"

Emphasis is placed on cultivating students' abilities to collect and process information, acquire new knowledge, analyze and solve problems, express language, and have the ability to unite, collaborate, and engage in social activities.

2. "Decision of the State Council on the Reform and Development of Basic Education" (Guofa [2001] No. 21)

27. It is necessary to conscientiously implement the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the National Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language", further strengthen the work of promoting Mandarin and standardizing the use of characters in primary and secondary schools, popularize the national common spoken and written language, incorporate the popularization of Mandarin and standardizing the use of characters into education and teaching requirements, and improve students' language and writing skills. Application ability and normative awareness.

3. Transfer to the State Language Commission's "Request for Instructions on Current Language and Writing Work" (Guofa [1992] No. 63)

Achieving standardization of language and writing is a basic project for popularizing education, improving cultural standards, and developing science and technology. It is of great significance to my country's reform and opening up and socialist modernization.

(3) Norms and standards

Focusing on the implementation of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the National Standard Spoken and Written Language", vigorously promote Mandarin, promote standardized Chinese characters, further expand the application scope of the "Hanyu Pinyin Plan", and improve the language application ability of the whole society. The national language work is based on schools. With the party and government agencies as the leader, the news media as the example, and the public service industry as the window, we focus on giving full play to the city's radiating and leading role, through the Putonghua proficiency test, the promotion of Putonghua Publicity Week, the evaluation of urban language and writing work, and the construction of language standardization demonstration schools. Effective measures such as the Chinese Classics Recitation Campaign and the Chinese Classic Recitation Campaign have gradually established a system and mechanism to manage and supervise the social application of spoken and written language and language work in accordance with the law. The popularity and application level of Mandarin and standardized Chinese characters have been significantly improved.

The whole society must work together to create a good language and writing environment that is compatible with socialist modernization.